- 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
- 216 BC – The Carthaginian army led by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army at the Battle of Cannae.
- 461 – Majorian is arrested near Tortona (northern Italy) and deposed by the Suebian general Ricimer as puppet emperor.
- 1274 – Edward I of England returns from the Ninth Crusade and is crowned King seventeen days later.
- 1343 – After the execution of her husband, Jeanne de Clisson sells her estates and raises a force of men with which to attack French shipping and ports.
- 1377 – Russian troops are defeated by forces of the Blue Horde Khan Arapsha in the Battle on Pyana River.
- 1415 – Thomas Grey is executed for participating in the Southampton Plot.
- 1610 – During Henry Hudson‘s search for the Northwest Passage, he sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay.
- 1776 – The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence took place.
- 1790 – The first United States Census is conducted.
- 1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of the Nile concludes in a British victory.
- 1830 – Charles X of France abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri.
- 1858 – The Government of India Act 1858 replaces Company rule in India with that of the British Raj.
- 1869 – Japan’s Edo society class system is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms.
- 1870 – Tower Subway, the world’s first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
- 1873 – The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco’s famous cable car system.
- 1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends when a relief column is able to reach the British garrison in the Malakand states.
- 1903 – The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Ottoman Empire begins.
- 1914 – The German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I begins.
- 1916 – World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto.
- 1918 – The first general strike in Canadian history takes place in Vancouver.
- 1922 – A typhoon hits Shantou, Republic of China, killing more than 50,000 people.
- 1923 – Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes U.S. President upon the death of President Warren G. Harding.
- 1932 – The positron (antiparticle of the electron) is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.
- 1934 – Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg.
- 1937 – The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal.
- 1939 – Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon.
- 1943 – The Holocaust: Jewish prisoners stage a revolt at Treblinka, one of the deadliest of Nazi death camps where approximately 900,000 persons were murdered in less than 18 months.
- 1943 – World War II: The Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks. Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. president, saves all but two of his crew.
- 1944 – ASNOM: Birth of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, celebrated as Day of the Republic in North Macedonia.
- 1944 – World War II: The largest trade convoy of the world wars arrives safely in the Western Approaches.
- 1945 – World War II: End of the Potsdam Conference.
- 1947 – A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain during a flight from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Santiago, Chile. The wreckage would not be found until 1998.
- 1968 – An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines killing more than 270 people and wounding 261.
- 1973 – A flash fire kills 51 people at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.
- 1980 – A bomb explodes at the railway station in Bologna, Italy, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200.
- 1985 – Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport killing 137.
- 1989 – Pakistan is re-admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations after having restored democracy for the first time since 1972.
- 1989 – A massacre is carried out by an Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka killing 64 ethnic Tamil civilians.
- 1990 – Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the Gulf War.
- 1999 – The Gaisal train disaster claims 285 lives in Assam, India.
- 2005 – Air France Flight 358 lands at Toronto Pearson International Airport and runs off the runway, causing the plane to burst into flames leaving 12 injuries and no fatalities.
- 2014 – At least 146 people were killed and more than 114 injured in a factory explosion in Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
-Source: wikipedia
