- 3761 BC – The epoch reference date epoch (origin) of the modern Hebrew calendar.
- 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet.
- 1477 – Uppsala University is inaugurated after receiving its corporate rights from Pope Sixtus IV in February the same year.
- 1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: Spain defeats Venice.
- 1571 – The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat.
- 1691 – The charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay is issued.
- 1763 – King George III issues the Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing Indigenous lands in North America north and west of the Alleghenies to white settlements.
- 1777 – American Revolutionary War: The Americans defeat the British in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the Battle of Bemis Heights.
- 1780 – American Revolutionary War: American militia defeat royalist irregulars led by British major Patrick Ferguson in South Carolina.
- 1800 – French corsair Robert Surcouf, commander of the 18-gun ship La Confiance, captures the British 38-gun Kent.
- 1826 – The Granite Railway begins operations as the first chartered railway in the U.S.
- 1828 – Morea expedition: The city of Patras, Greece, is liberated by the French expeditionary force.
- 1840 – Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
- 1864 – American Civil War: A US Navy ship captures a Confederate raider in a Brazilian seaport.
- 1868 – Cornell University holds opening day ceremonies; initial student enrollment is 412, the highest at any American university to that date.
- 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Léon Gambetta escapes the siege of Paris in a hot-air balloon.
- 1879 – Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the “Twofold Covenant” and create the Dual Alliance.
- 1912 – The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.
- 1916 – Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland University 222–0 in the most lopsided college football game in American history.
- 1919 – KLM, the flag carrier of the Netherlands, is founded. It is the oldest airline still operating under its original name.
- 1924 – Andreas Michalakopoulos becomes prime minister of Greece for a short period of time.
- 1929 – Photius II becomes Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
- 1933 – Air France is inaugurated, after being formed by a merger of five French airlines.
- 1940 – World War II: The McCollum memo proposes bringing the United States into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.
- 1944 – World War II: During an uprising at Birkenau concentration camp, Jewish prisoners burn down Crematorium IV.
- 1949 – The communist German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is formed.
- 1950 – Mother Teresa establishes the Missionaries of Charity.
- 1958 – The 1958 Pakistani coup d’état inaugurates a prolonged period of military rule.
- 1958 – The U.S. manned space-flight project is renamed Project Mercury.
- 1959 – The Soviet probe Luna 3 transmits the first-ever photographs of the far side of the Moon.
- 1963 – President Kennedy signs the ratification of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
- 1977 – The Fourth Soviet Constitution is adopted.
- 1985 – The Mameyes landslide kills almost 200 people in Puerto Rico.
- 1985 – Four men from the Palestine Liberation Front hijack the MS Achille Lauro off the coast of Egypt.
- 1987 – Sikh nationalists declare the independence of Khalistan from India; it is not internationally recognized.
- 1988 – A hunter discovers three gray whales trapped under the ice near Alaska; the situation becomes a multinational effort to free the whales.
- 1991 – Croatian War of Independence: Bombing of Banski dvori in Zagreb, Croatia.
- 1993 – The flood of ’93 ends at St. Louis, Missouri, 103 days after it began, as the Mississippi River falls below flood stage.
- 1996 – Fox News Channel begins broadcasting.
- 1998 – Matthew Shepard, a gay student at the University of Wyoming, is found tied to a fence after being savagely beaten by two young adults in Laramie, Wyoming. He died five days later.
- 2000 – Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Hezbollah militants capture three Israeli Defense Force soldiers in a cross-border raid.
- 2001 – The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan begins with an air assault and covert operations on the ground.
- 2002 – The Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on STS-112 to continue assembly of the International Space Station.[1]
- 2008 – Asteroid 2008 TC3 impacts the Earth over Sudan, the first time an asteroid impact is detected prior to its entry into earth’s atmosphere.
- 2016 – In the wake of Hurricane Matthew, the death toll rises to 800.
-Source: wikipedia
