- 768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks.
- 1238 – James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia.
- 1410 – The first known mention of the Prague astronomical clock.
- 1446 – The hangul alphabet is published in Korea.
- 1594 – Troops of the Portuguese Empire are defeated on Sri Lanka, bringing an end to the Campaign of Danture.
- 1604 – Kepler’s Supernova is the most recent supernova to be observed within the Milky Way.
- 1635 – Roger Williams is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony after religious and policy disagreements.
- 1701 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook.
- 1708 – Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
- 1740 – Dutch colonists and Javanese natives begin a massacre of the ethnic Chinese population in Batavia, eventually killing at least 10,000.
- 1760 – Seven Years’ War: Russian and Austrian troops briefly occupy Berlin.
- 1790 – A severe earthquake in northern Algeria causes severe damage and a tsunami in the Mediterranean Sea and kills three thousand.
- 1799 – HMS Lutine sinks with the loss of 240 men and a cargo worth £1,200,000.
- 1804 – Hobart, capital of Tasmania, is founded.
- 1806 – Prussia begins the War of the Fourth Coalition against France.
- 1812 – War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships: HMS Detroit and HMS Caledonia.
- 1820 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain.
- 1825 – Restauration arrives in New York Harbor from Norway, the first organized immigration from Norway to the United States.
- 1831 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first head of state of independent Greece, is assassinated.
- 1834 – Opening of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, the first public railway on the island of Ireland.
- 1847 – Slavery is abolished in the Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy.
- 1854 – Crimean War: The siege of Sevastopol begins.
- 1861 – American Civil War: Union troops repel a Confederate attempt to capture Fort Pickens.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Union cavalrymen defeat Confederate forces at Toms Brook, Virginia.
- 1873 – A meeting at the U.S. Naval Academy establishes the U.S. Naval Institute.
- 1874 – The Universal Postal Union is created by the Treaty of Bern.
- 1900 – The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom.
- 1911 – An accidental bomb explosion triggers the Wuchang Uprising against the Chinese monarchy.
- 1913 – The steamship SS Volturno catches fire in the mid-Atlantic.
- 1914 – World War I: The Siege of Antwerp comes to an end.
- 1918 – The Finnish Parliament offers to Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse the throne of a short-lived Kingdom of Finland.
- 1919 – The Cincinnati Reds win the World Series, resulting in the Black Sox Scandal.
- 1934 – An Ustashe assassin kills King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Louis Barthou, Foreign Minister of France, in Marseille.
- 1936 – Boulder Dam (later Hoover Dam) begins to generate electricity and transmit it to Los Angeles.
- 1937 – Murder of 9 Catholic priests in Zhengding, China, who protected the local population from the advancing Japanese army.
- 1941 – A coup in Panama declares Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango the new president.
- 1942 – Australia’s Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 receives royal assent.
- 1950 – The Goyang Geumjeong Cave massacre in Korea begins.
- 1962 – Uganda becomes an independent Commonwealth realm.
- 1963 – In Italy, a large landslide a causes a giant wave to overtop the Vajont Dam, killing over 2,000.
- 1966 – Vietnam War: South Korean troops commit the Binh Tai Massacre.
- 1967 – A day after his capture, Ernesto “Che” Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.
- 1969 – In Chicago, the National Guard is called in as demonstrations continue over the trial of the “Chicago Eight“.
- 1970 – The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
- 1980 – Pope John Paul II greets the Dalai Lama during a private audience in Vatican City.
- 1981 – President François Mitterrand abolishes capital punishment in France.
- 1983 – South Korean President Chun Doo-hwan survives an assassination attempt in Rangoon, Burma (present-day Yangon, Myanmar), but the blast kills 21 and injures 17 others.
- 1986 – The Phantom of the Opera, eventually the second longest running musical in London, opens at Her Majesty’s Theatre.
- 1995 – An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.
- 2006 – North Korea conducts its first nuclear test.
- 2009 – First lunar impact of NASA’s Lunar Precursor Robotic Program.
- 2012 – Pakistani Taliban attempt to assassinate outspoken schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai.
- 2016 – The Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army launches its first attack on Myanmar security forces along the Bangladesh–Myanmar border.
- 2019 – Turkey begins its military offensive in north-eastern Syria.
-Source: wikipedia
