- 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I.
- 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West.
- 991 – Battle of Maldon: The English, led by Byrhtnoth, Ealdorman of Essex, are defeated by a band of inland-raiding Vikings near Maldon, Essex.
- 1030 – The Battle of Azaz ends with a humiliating retreat of the Byzantine emperor, Romanos III Argyros, against the Mirdasid rulers of Aleppo. The retreat degenerates into a rout, in which Romanos himself barely escapes capture.[1][2]
- 1270 – Yekuno Amlak takes the imperial throne of Ethiopia, restoring the Solomonic dynasty to power after a 100-year Zagwe interregnum.
- 1316 – The Second Battle of Athenry takes place near Athenry during the Bruce campaign in Ireland.
- 1512 – The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu, during the War of the League of Cambrai, sees the simultaneous destruction of the Breton ship La Cordelière and the English ship The Regent.
- 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan‘s five ships set sail from Seville to circumnavigate the globe. The Basque second-in-command Juan Sebastián Elcano will complete the expedition after Magellan’s death in the Philippines.
- 1557 – Battle of St. Quentin: Spanish victory over the French in the Italian War of 1551–59.
- 1585 – The Treaty of Nonsuch signed by Elizabeth I of England and the Dutch Rebels.
- 1628 – The Swedish warship Vasa sinks in the Stockholm harbour after only about 20 minutes of her maiden voyage.
- 1641 – The Treaty of London between England and Scotland, ending the Bishops’ Wars, is signed.[3]
- 1675 – The foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London, England is laid.
- 1680 – The Pueblo Revolt begins in New Mexico.
- 1741 – King Marthanda Varma of Travancore defeats the Dutch East India Company at the Battle of Colachel, effectively bringing about the end of the Dutch colonial rule in India.
- 1755 – Under the orders of Charles Lawrence, the British Army begins to forcibly deport the Acadians from Nova Scotia to the Thirteen Colonies.
- 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Word of the United States Declaration of Independence reaches London.
- 1792 – French Revolution: Storming of the Tuileries Palace: Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody as his Swiss Guards are massacred by the Parisian mob.
- 1793 – The Musée du Louvre is officially opened in Paris, France.
- 1809 – Quito, now the capital of Ecuador, declares independence from Spain. This rebellion will be crushed on August 2, 1810.
- 1813 – Instituto Nacional, is founded by the Chilean patriot José Miguel Carrera. It is Chile‘s oldest and most prestigious school. Its motto is Labor Omnia Vincit, which means “Work conquers all things”.
- 1821 – Missouri is admitted as the 24th U.S. state.
- 1846 – The Smithsonian Institution is chartered by the United States Congress after James Smithson donates $500,000.
- 1856 – The Last Island hurricane strikes Louisiana, resulting in over 200 deaths.
- 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Wilson’s Creek: A mixed force of Confederate, Missouri State Guard, and Arkansas State troops defeat outnumbered attacking Union forces in the southwestern part of the state.
- 1864 – After Uruguay’s governing Blanco Party refuses Brazil’s demands, José Antônio Saraiva announces that the Brazilian military will begin reprisals, beginning the Uruguayan War.
- 1897 – German chemist Felix Hoffmann discovers an improved way of synthesizing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
- 1901 – The U.S. Steel recognition strike by the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers begins.
- 1904 – Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of the Yellow Sea between the Russian and Japanese battleship fleets takes place.
- 1905 – Russo-Japanese War: Peace negotiations begin in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
- 1913 – Second Balkan War: Delegates from Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece sign the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the war.
- 1920 – World War I: Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI‘s representatives sign the Treaty of Sèvres that divides up the Ottoman Empire between the Allies.
- 1932 – A 5.1 kilograms (11 lb) chondrite-type meteorite breaks into at least seven pieces and lands near the town of Archie in Cass County, Missouri.
- 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Regional Defence Council of Aragon is dissolved by the Spanish Republic.[4]
- 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Guam comes to an effective end.
- 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Narva ends with a combined German–Estonian force successfully defending Narva, Estonia, from invading Soviet troops.
- 1948 – Candid Camera makes its television debut after being on radio for a year as Candid Microphone.
- 1949 – An amendment to the National Security Act of 1947 enhances the authority of the United States Secretary of Defense over the Army, Navy and Air Force, and replaces the National Military Establishment with the Department of Defense.
- 1953 – First Indochina War: The French Union withdraws its forces from Operation Camargue against the Viet Minh in central Vietnam.
- 1954 – At Massena, New York, the groundbreaking ceremony for the Saint Lawrence Seaway is held.
- 1961 – Vietnam War: The U.S. Army begins Operation Ranch Hand, spraying an estimated 20 million US gallons (76,000 m3) of defoliants and herbicides over rural areas of South Vietnam in an attempt to deprive the Viet Cong of food and vegetation cover.[5]
- 1966 – The Heron Road Bridge collapses while being built, killing nine workers in the deadliest construction accident in both Ottawa and Ontario.
- 1969 – A day after murdering Sharon Tate and four others, members of Charles Manson‘s cult kill Leno and Rosemary LaBianca.
- 1971 – The Society for American Baseball Research is founded in Cooperstown, New York.
- 1977 – In Yonkers, New York, 24-year-old postal employee David Berkowitz (“Son of Sam”) is arrested for a series of killings in the New York City area over the period of one year.
- 1978 – Three members of the Ulrich family are killed in an accident. This leads to the Ford Pinto litigation.
- 1981 – Murder of Adam Walsh: The head of John Walsh‘s son is found. This inspires the creation of the television series America’s Most Wanted and the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children.
- 1988 – Japanese American internment: U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, providing $20,000 payments to Japanese Americans who were either interned in or relocated by the United States during World War II.
- 1990 – The Magellan space probe reaches Venus.
- 1993 – Two earthquakes affect New Zealand. A 7.0 Mw shock (intensity VI (Strong)) in the South Island was followed nine hours later by a 6.4 Mw event (intensity VII (Very strong)) in the North Island.
- 1995 – Oklahoma City bombing: Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols are indicted for the bombing. Michael Fortier pleads guilty in a plea-bargain for his testimony.
- 1997 – Sixteen people are killed when Formosa Airlines Flight 7601 crashes near Beigan Airport in the Matsu Islands of Taiwan.[6]
- 1998 – HRH Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah is proclaimed the crown prince of Brunei with a Royal Proclamation.
- 1999 – Los Angeles Jewish Community Center shooting.[7][8][9][10]
- 2001 – The 2001 Angola train attack occurred, causing 252 deaths.
- 2003 – European heat wave: The then-highest temperature ever recorded in the United Kingdom, 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) in Kent, England. This record was later surpassed in July 2019.
- 2003 – The Okinawa Urban Monorail is opened in Naha, Okinawa.
- 2009 – Twenty people are killed in Handlová, Trenčín Region, in the deadliest mining disaster in Slovakia‘s history.
- 2012 – The Marikana massacre begins near Rustenburg, South Africa, resulting in the deaths of 47 people.
- 2014 – Forty people are killed when Sepahan Airlines Flight 5915 crashes at Tehran’s Mehrabad Airport.
- 2019 – 32 are killed and 1,000,000 are evacuated as Typhoon Lekima makes landfall in Zhejiang, China. Earlier it had caused flooding in the Philippines.[11]
-Source: wikipedia
