- 222 – Alexander Severus becomes emperor of Rome, replacing his cousin, 18-year-old Elagabalus. The bodies of the assassinated emperor and his mother, Julia Soaemias, are dragged through the streets of the city and thrown into the Tiber.[1]
- 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 1343 O.S.), and, a year later, the first Archbishop of Prague.[2]
- 1641 – Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina.[3]
- 1649 – The Frondeurs and the French sign the Peace of Rueil.[4]
- 1702 – The Daily Courant, England’s first national daily newspaper, is published for the first time.[5]
- 1708 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.[6]
- 1784 – The signing of the Treaty of Mangalore brings the Second Anglo-Mysore War to an end.[7]
- 1845 – Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand.[8]
- 1848 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government.[9]
- 1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice.[10]
- 1861 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.[11]
- 1864 – The Great Sheffield Flood kills 238 people in Sheffield, England.[12]
- 1872 – Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; it is located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.[13]
- 1879 – Shō Tai formally abdicates his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the Ryukyu Kingdom.[14]
- 1888 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400 people.[15]
- 1917 – World War I: Mesopotamian campaign: Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Frederick Stanley Maude.[16]
- 1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.[17]
- 1941 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.[18]
- 1945 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2.[19]
- 1945 – World War II: The Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived Japanese puppet state, is established.[20]
- 1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops.[21]
- 1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Siege: Around 150 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations.[22]
- 1978 – Coastal Road massacre: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel’s Operation Litani.[23]
- 1981 – Hundreds of students protest in the University of Pristina in Kosovo, then part of Yugoslavia, to give their province more political rights. The protests then became a nationwide movement.[24]
- 1983 – Bob Hawke is appointed Prime Minister of Australia.[25]
- 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, making Gorbachev the USSR’s de facto, and last, head of state.[26]
- 1990 – Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.[27]
- 1990 – Patricio Aylwin is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Chile since 1970.[28]
- 2004 – Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid, Spain, kill 191 people.[29]
- 2006 – Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as the first female president of Chile.[30]
- 2009 – Winnenden school shooting: Sixteen are killed and 11 are injured before recent graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany.[31]
- 2010 – Economist and businessman Sebastián Piñera is sworn in as President of Chile. Aftershocks of the 2010 Pichilemu earthquake hit central Chile during the ceremony.[32]
- 2011 – An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.[33]
- 2012 – A U.S. soldier kills 16 civilians in the Panjwayi District of Afghanistan near Kandahar.[34]
- 2020 – The World Health Organization (WHO) declares COVID-19 virus a pandemic.[35]
-Source: wikipedia
