- 1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.[1]
- 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars.
- 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311.
- 1531 – Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.
- 1614 – The New Netherland Company applies to the States General of the Netherlands for exclusive trading rights in what is now the northeastern United States.
- 1634 – The Burchardi flood kills around 15,000 in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
- 1649 – Cromwell’s New Model Army Sacks Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.
- 1767 – Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed.
- 1776 – American Revolution: A fleet of American boats on Lake Champlain is defeated by the Royal Navy, but delays the British advance until 1777.
- 1797 – The Royal Navy decisively defeats the Batavian Navy at Camperdown during the French Revolutionary Wars.
- 1811 – The Juliana begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry in New York harbor.
- 1840 – The Maronite leader Bashir Shihab II surrenders to the Ottoman Empire and later is sent to Malta in exile.
- 1852 – The University of Sydney, Australia’s oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney.
- 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate troops conduct a raid on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
- 1865 – Hundreds of black men and women march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.
- 1890 – In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
- 1899 – The Second Boer War erupts in South Africa between the British-ruled Cape Colony, and the Boer-ruled Transvaal and Orange Free State.
- 1906 – San Francisco sparks a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan by ordering segregated schools for Japanese students.
- 1910 – Piloted by Arch Hoxsey, Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane.
- 1912 – First Balkan War: The day after the Battle of Sarantaporo, Greek troops liberate the city of Kozani.
- 1918 – The 7.1 Mw San Fermín earthquake shakes Puerto Rico. The quake and resulting tsunami kill up to 116 people.
- 1937 – The Duke and Duchess of Windsor tour Nazi Germany for 12 days and meet Adolf Hitler on the 22nd.
- 1941 – Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia.
- 1942 – World War II: Off Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese force.
- 1944 – The Tuvan People’s Republic is annexed by the Soviet Union.
- 1950 – CBS’s field-sequential color system for television is the first to be licensed for broadcast by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
- 1954 – In accord with the 1954 Geneva Conference, French troops complete their withdrawal from North Vietnam.
- 1958 – NASA launches Pioneer 1, its first space probe, although it fails to achieve a stable orbit.
- 1962 – The Second Vatican Council becomes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
- 1968 – NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission.
- 1972 – A race riot occurs on the United States Navy aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam.
- 1976 – George Washington is posthumously promoted to the grade of General of the Armies.
- 1984 – Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
- 1984 – Aeroflot Flight 3352 crashes into maintenance vehicles upon landing in Omsk, Russia, killing 178.
- 1986 – Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Iceland to continue discussions about scaling back IRBM arsenals in Europe.
- 1987 – The AIDS Memorial Quilt is first displayed during the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights.
- 1987 – Start of Operation Pawan by Indian forces in Sri Lanka. Thousands of civilians, insurgents, soldiers die.
- 1991 – Prof. Anita Hill delivers her televised testimony concerning sexual harassment during the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination.[2]
- 2000 – NASA launches STS-92, the 100th Space Shuttle mission.
- 2001 – The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
- 2002 – A bomb attack in a shopping mall in Finland kills seven.
- 2013 – A migrant boat sinks in the Channel of Sicily, with at least 34 people drowning.
- 2018 – Soyuz MS-10, launching an intended crew for the ISS, suffers an in-flight abort. The crew lands safely.
-Source: wikipedia
