- 1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later.[1]
- 1211 – Battle of the Rhyndacus: The Latin emperor Henry of Flanders defeats the Nicaean emperor Theodore I Laskaris.
- 1529 – The Siege of Vienna ends when Austria routs the invading Ottoman forces, ending its European expansion.
- 1582 – Adoption of the Gregorian calendar begins, eventually leading to near-universal adoption.
- 1783 – The Montgolfier brothers‘ hot air balloon makes the first human ascent, piloted by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier.
- 1793 – Queen Marie Antoinette of France is tried and convicted of treason.[2]
- 1809 – The Viceroy the Río de la Plata, Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, opens the port of Buenos Aires to trade with nations other than Spain.
- 1815 – Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
- 1863 – American Civil War: The H. L. Hunley, the first submarine to sink a ship, sinks, killing its inventor.
- 1864 – American Civil War: The Union garrison of Glasgow, Missouri surrenders to Confederate forces.
- 1878 – The Edison Electric Light Company begins operation.
- 1879 – The Segura river in southeastern Spain floods, killing 1077 people.
- 1888 – The “From Hell” letter allegedly sent by Jack the Ripper is received by investigators.
- 1910 – Airship America is launched from New Jersey in the first attempt to cross the Atlantic by a powered aircraft.
- 1917 – World War I: Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by France for espionage.
- 1923 – The German Rentenmark is introduced in Germany to counter hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic.
- 1928 – The airship Graf Zeppelin completes its first trans-Atlantic flight, landing at Lakehurst, New Jersey, United States.
- 1932 – Tata Airlines (later to become Air India) makes its first flight.
- 1939 – The New York Municipal Airport (later renamed LaGuardia Airport) is dedicated.
- 1940 – President Lluís Companys of Catalonia is executed by the Francoist government.
- 1944 – World War II: Germany replaces the Hungarian government after it announces an armistice with the Soviet Union.
- 1945 – The former premier of Vichy France, Pierre Laval, is executed for treason.
- 1951 – Mexican chemist Luis E. Miramontes completes the synthesis of norethisterone, the basis of an early oral contraceptive.
- 1954 – Hurricane Hazel devastates the eastern seaboard of North America, killing 95 and causing massive floods as far north as Toronto.
- 1956 – FORTRAN, the first modern computer language, is first shared with the coding community.
- 1965 – Vietnam War: A draft card is burned during an anti-war rally by the Catholic Worker Movement, resulting in the first arrest under a new law.
- 1966 – The Black Panther Party is created by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.
- 1979 – Supporters of the Malta Labour Party ransack and destroy the Times of Malta building and other locations associated with the Nationalist Party.
- 1979 – A coup d’état in El Salvador overthrows President Carlos Humberto Romero and begins the 12 year-long Salvadoran Civil War.[3]
- 1988 – A pinch hit walkoff homerun by Kirk Gibson lifts the Los Angeles Dodgers in Game 1 of the 1988 World Series 5-4 against the Oakland Athletics.
- 1989 – Wayne Gretzky becomes the all-time leading points scorer in the NHL.
- 1989 – Eight of those convicted in South Africa’s Rivonia Trial are released from prison.
- 1990 – Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and open up his nation.
- 1991 – The “Oh-My-God particle“, an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray measured at 40,000,000 times that of the highest energy protons produced in a particle accelerator is observed at the University of Utah HiRes observatory in Dugway Proving Ground, Utah.
- 1994 – The Clinton administration returns Haiti’s first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, to the island.
- 1995 – Marco Campos dies in a race at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours, the only driver ever killed in the International Formula 3000 series.
- 1995 – Saddam Hussein is reelected president of Iraq through a referendum.
- 1997 – The Cassini probe launches from Cape Canaveral on its way to Saturn.
- 2001 – NASA’s Galileo spacecraft passes within 112 miles of Jupiter’s moon Io.
- 2003 – China launches Shenzhou 5, its first manned space mission.
- 2005 – A planned neo-Nazi protest against African-American street gangs sets off a riot in Toledo, Ohio. Twenty-nine people are arrested.
- 2006 – The 6.7 Mw Kiholo Bay earthquake rocks Hawaii, causing property damage, injuries, landslides, power outages, and the closure of Honolulu International Airport.
- 2007 – Seventeen activists in New Zealand are arrested in the country’s first post-9/11 anti-terrorism raids.
- 2008 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes down 733.08 points, or 7.87%, the second worst percentage drop in the Dow’s history.
- 2013 – The 7.2 Mw Bohol earthquake strikes the Philippines. At least 215 die.
- 2016 – One hundred ninety-seven nations amend the Montreal Protocol to include a phase-out of hydrofluorocarbons.
-Source: wikipedia
