- 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius‘ will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (aka Caligula = Little Boots) emperor. [1]
- 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula leaves up to 20,000 dead.
- 1229 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade.
- 1241 – First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city.
- 1314 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and final Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake.
- 1438 – Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of the Romans.
- 1571 – Valletta is made the capital city of Malta.[2]
- 1608 – Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
- 1644 – The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia.
- 1673 – English lord John Berkeley sold his half of New Jersey to the Quakers[3]
- 1741 – New York governor George Clarke‘s complex at Fort George is burned in an arson attack, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741.
- 1766 – American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act.
- 1793 – The first modern republic in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.
- 1793 – Flanders Campaign of the French Revolution, Battle of Neerwinden.
- 1834 – Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England are sentenced to be transported to Australia for forming a trade union.
- 1848 – The premiere of Fry‘s Leonora in Philadelphia is the first known performance of an grand opera by an American composer.[4]
- 1848 – March Revolution: In Berlin there is a struggle between citizens and military, costing about 300 lives.
- 1865 – American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.
- 1871 – Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders the evacuation of Paris.
- 1874 – Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trade rights.
- 1898 – Phoebe (moon), a satellite of Saturn, becomes first to be discovered with photographs, taken in August 1898, by William Henry Pickering.[5]
- 1902 – Macario Sakay issues Presidential Order No. 1 of his Tagalog Republic.[6]
- 1913 – King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.
- 1915 – World War I: During the Battle of Gallipoli, three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
- 1921 – The second Peace of Riga is signed between Poland and the Soviet Union.
- 1921 – The Kronstadt rebellion is suppressed by the Red Army.[7]
- 1922 – In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience, of which he serves only two.
- 1925 – The Tri-State Tornado hits the Midwestern states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people.
- 1937 – The New London School explosion in New London, Texas, kills 300 people, mostly children.
- 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.
- 1938 – Mexico creates Pemex by expropriating all foreign-owned oil reserves and facilities.
- 1940 – World War II: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
- 1942 – The War Relocation Authority is established in the United States to take Japanese Americans into custody.
- 1944 – Mount Vesuvius in Italy erupts, killing 26 people, causing thousands to flee their homes, and destroying dozens of Allied bombers.
- 1948 – Soviet consultants leave Yugoslavia in the first sign of the Tito–Stalin Split.
- 1953 – An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 265 people.
- 1959 – The Hawaii Admission Act is signed into law.
- 1962 – The Évian Accords end the Algerian War of Independence, which had begun in 1954.
- 1965 – Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
- 1967 – The supertanker Torrey Canyon runs aground off the Cornish coast.
- 1968 – Gold standard: The U.S. Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back US currency.
- 1969 – The United States begins secretly bombing the Sihanouk Trail in Cambodia, used by communist forces to infiltrate South Vietnam.
- 1970 – Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
- 1971 – Peru: A landslide crashes into Yanawayin Lake, killing 200 people at the mining camp of Chungar.
- 1980 – A Vostok-2M rocket at Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 explodes during a fueling operation, killing 48 people.
- 1990 – Germans in the German Democratic Republic vote in the first democratic elections in the former communist dictatorship.
- 1990 – In the largest art theft in US history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $500 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.[8]
- 1994 – Bosnia‘s Bosniaks and Croats sign the Washington Agreement, ending war between the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- 1996 – A nightclub fire in Quezon City, Philippines kills 162 people.
- 1997 – The tail of a Russian Antonov An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey, causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 people on board.
- 2014 – The parliaments of Russia and Crimea sign an accession treaty.
- 2015 – The Bardo National Museum in Tunisia is attacked by gunmen. 23 people, almost all tourists, are killed, and at least 50 other people are wounded.
-Source: wikipedia
