- 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
- 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
- 1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.
- 1485 – The Battle of Bosworth Field, the death of Richard III and the end of the House of Plantagenet.
- 1559 – Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.
- 1614 – Fettmilch Uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.
- 1639 – Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.
- 1642 – Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.
- 1654 – Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.
- 1711 – Britain’s Quebec Expedition loses eight ships and almost nine hundred soldiers, sailors and women to rocks at Pointe-aux-Anglais.
- 1717 – Spanish troops land on Sardinia.
- 1770 – James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, and claims the east coast of Australia for Britain as New South Wales.
- 1777 – British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.
- 1780 – James Cook’s ship HMS Resolution returns to England (Cook having been killed on Hawaii during the voyage).
- 1791 – Beginning of the Haitian Slave Revolution in Saint-Domingue, Haiti.
- 1798 – French troops land at Kilcummin, County Mayo, Ireland to aid the rebellion.
- 1827 – José de la Mar becomes President of Peru.
- 1846 – The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.
- 1849 – The first air raid in history. Austria launches pilotless balloons against the city of Venice.
- 1851 – The first America’s Cup is won by the yacht America.
- 1864 – Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention, establishing the rules of protection of the victims of armed conflicts.[1]
- 1875 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.
- 1894 – Mahatma Gandhi forms the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in order to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal.
- 1902 – Cadillac Motor Company is founded.
- 1902 – Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to make a public appearance in an automobile.
- 1910 – Korea is annexed by Japan with the signing of the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, beginning a period of Japanese rule of Korea that lasted until the end of World War II.
- 1922 – Michael Collins, Commander-in-chief of the Irish Free State Army, is shot dead in an ambush during the Irish Civil War.
- 1934 – Bill Woodfull of Australia becomes the only test cricket captain to twice regain The Ashes.
- 1941 – World War II: German troops begin the Siege of Leningrad.
- 1942 – Brazil declares war on Germany, Japan and Italy.
- 1944 – World War II: Holocaust of Kedros in Crete by German forces.
- 1949 – The Queen Charlotte earthquake is Canada’s strongest since the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.
- 1953 – The penal colony on Devil’s Island is permanently closed.
- 1962 – The OAS attempts to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle.
- 1963 – X-15 Flight 91 reaches the highest altitude of the X-15 program (107.96 km (67.08 mi) (354,200 feet)).
- 1966 – Labor movements NFWA and AWOC merge to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), predecessor of the United Farm Workers.
- 1968 – Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the first visit of a pope to Latin America.
- 1971 – J. Edgar Hoover and John Mitchell announce the arrest of 20 of the Camden 28.
- 1972 – Rhodesia is expelled by the IOC for its racist policies.
- 1973 – The Congress of Chile votes in favour of a resolution condemning President Salvador Allende‘s government and demands that he resign or else be unseated through force and new elections.
- 1978 – Nicaraguan Revolution: The FLSN seizes the National Congress of Nicaragua, along with over a thousand hostages.
- 1978 – The District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment is passed by the U.S. Congress, although it is never ratified by a sufficient number of states.
- 1981 – Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103 disintegrates in mid-air and crashes in Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. All 110 people on board are killed.[2]
- 1985 – British Airtours Flight 28M suffers an engine fire during takeoff at Manchester Airport. The pilots abort but due to inefficient evacuation procedures 55 people are killed, mostly from smoke inhalation.
- 1989 – Nolan Ryan strikes out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5,000 strikeouts.
- 1991 – Iceland is the first nation in the world to recognize the independence of the Baltic states.
- 1992 – FBI sniper Lon Horiuchi shoots and kills Vicki Weaver during an 11-day siege at her home at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.
- 2003 – Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore is suspended after refusing to comply with a federal court order to remove a rock inscribed with the Ten Commandments from the lobby of the Alabama Supreme Court building.
- 2004 – Versions of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.
- 2006 – Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes near the Russian border over eastern Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.
- 2006 – Grigori Perelman is awarded the Fields Medal for his proof of the Poincaré conjecture in mathematics but refuses to accept the medal.
- 2007 – The Texas Rangers defeat the Baltimore Orioles 30–3, the most runs scored by a team in modern Major League Baseball history.
- 2012 – Ethnic clashes over grazing rights for cattle in Kenya’s Tana River District result in more than 52 deaths.
-Source: wikipedia
