- 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.[1]
- 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate.
- 1066 – In the Battle of Stamford Bridge, Harald Hardrada, the invading King of Norway, is defeated by King Harold II of England.[2]
- 1237 – England and Scotland sign the Treaty of York, establishing the location of their common border.
- 1396 – Ottoman Emperor Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis.
- 1513 – Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches what would become known as the Pacific Ocean.
- 1555 – The Peace of Augsburg is signed by Emperor Charles V and the princes of the Schmalkaldic League.
- 1690 – Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, the first newspaper to appear in the Americas, is published for the first and only time.
- 1775 – American Revolution: Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue-Pointe.
- 1775 – American Revolution: Benedict Arnold’s expedition to Quebec sets off.
- 1789 – The United States Congress passes twelve constitutional amendments: the ten known as the Bill of Rights, the (unratified) Congressional Apportionment Amendment, and the Congressional Compensation Amendment.
- 1790 – Four Great Anhui Troupes introduce Anhui opera to Beijing in honor of the Qianlong Emperor’s eightieth birthday.
- 1804 – The Teton Sioux (a subdivision of the Lakota) demand one of the boats from the Lewis and Clark Expedition as a toll for allowing the expedition to move further upriver.
- 1868 – The Imperial Russian steam frigate Alexander Nevsky is shipwrecked off Jutland while carrying Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia.
- 1890 – The United States Congress establishes Sequoia National Park.
- 1906 – Leonardo Torres y Quevedo demonstrates the Telekino, guiding a boat from the shore, in what is considered to be the first use of a remote control.
- 1911 – An explosion of badly degraded propellant charges on board the French battleship Liberté detonates the forward ammunition magazines and destroys the ship.
- 1912 – Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York City.
- 1915 – World War I: The Second Battle of Champagne begins.
- 1926 – The international Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery is first signed.
- 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Eighth Route Army gains a minor, but morale-boosting victory in the Battle of Pingxingguan.
- 1944 – World War II: Surviving elements of the British 1st Airborne Division withdraw from Arnhem via Oosterbeek.
- 1955 – The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded.
- 1956 – TAT-1, the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system, is inaugurated.
- 1957 – Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, is integrated by the use of United States Army troops.
- 1959 – Solomon Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, is mortally wounded by a Buddhist monk, Talduwe Somarama, and dies the next day.
- 1962 – The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria is formally proclaimed. Ferhat Abbas is elected President of the provisional government.
- 1962 – The North Yemen Civil War begins when Abdullah al-Sallal dethrones the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declares Yemen a republic under his presidency.
- 1963 – Lord Denning releases the UK government’s official report on the Profumo affair.
- 1964 – The Mozambican War of Independence against Portugal begins.
- 1969 – The charter establishing the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is signed.
- 1974 – Dr. Frank Jobe performs first ulnar collateral ligament replacement surgery (better known as Tommy John surgery) on baseball player Tommy John.
- 1977 – About 4,200 people take part in the first running of the Chicago Marathon.
- 1978 – PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727, collides in mid-air with a Cessna 172 and crashes in San Diego, killing 144 people.
- 1981 – Belize joins the United Nations.
- 1983 – Thirty-eight IRA prisoners, armed with six handguns, hijack a prison meals lorry and smash their way out of the Maze Prison.
- 1992 – NASA launches the Mars Observer. Eleven months later, the probe would fail while preparing for orbital insertion.
- 2003 – The 8.3 Mw Hokkaidō earthquake strikes just offshore Hokkaidō, Japan.
- 2018 – Bill Cosby is sentenced to three to ten years in prison for aggravated sexual assault.
-Source: wikipedia
