- 46 BC – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus.
- 715 – Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne.
- 1087 – William II is crowned King of England, and reigns until 1100.
- 1212 – The Golden Bull of Sicily is issued to confirm the hereditary royal title in Bohemia for the Přemyslid dynasty.
- 1345 – Friso-Hollandic Wars: Frisians defeat Holland in the Battle of Warns.
- 1371 – Serbian–Turkish wars: Ottoman Turks fought against a Serbian army at the Battle of Maritsa.
- 1493 – Pope Alexander VI issues the papal bull Dudum siquidem to the Spanish, extending the grant of new lands he made them in Inter caetera.
- 1580 – Francis Drake finishes his circumnavigation of the Earth.
- 1687 – Morean War: The Parthenon in Athens, used as a gunpowder depot by the Ottoman garrison, is partially destroyed after being bombarded during the Siege of the Acropolis by Venetian forces.
- 1688 – The city council of Amsterdam votes to support William of Orange’s invasion of England, which became the Glorious Revolution.
- 1777 – American Revolution: British troops occupy Philadelphia.
- 1789 – George Washington appoints Thomas Jefferson the first United States Secretary of State.[1]
- 1799 – War of the 2nd Coalition: Franco-Swiss troops defeat Austro-Russian forces, leading to the collapse of Suvorov’s campaign.[2]
- 1810 – A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates, and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.[3]
- 1905 – Albert Einstein publishes the third of his Annus Mirabilis papers, introducing the special theory of relativity.
- 1907 – Four months after the 1907 Imperial Conference, New Zealand and Newfoundland are promoted from colonies to dominions within the British Empire.
- 1910 – Indian journalist Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai is arrested after publishing criticism of the government of Travancore and is exiled.
- 1914 – The United States Federal Trade Commission is established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.[4]
- 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Polygon Wood begins.
- 1918 – World War I: The Meuse-Argonne Offensive began which would last until the total surrender of German forces.
- 1923 – The German government accepts the occupation of the Ruhr.
- 1933 – As gangster Machine Gun Kelly surrenders to the FBI, he shouts out, “Don’t shoot, G-Men!”, which becomes a nickname for FBI agents.
- 1934 – The ocean liner RMS Queen Mary is launched.
- 1942 – Holocaust: Senior SS official August Frank issues a memorandum detailing how Jews should be “evacuated”.
- 1950 – Korean War: United Nations troops recapture Seoul from North Korean forces.
- 1953 – Rationing of sugar in the United Kingdom ends
- 1954 – The Japanese rail ferry Tōya Maru sinks during a typhoon in the Tsugaru Strait, Japan, killing 1,172.
- 1959 – Typhoon Vera, the strongest typhoon to hit Japan in recorded history, makes landfall, killing 4,580 people and leaving nearly 1.6 million others homeless.
- 1960 – In Chicago, the first televised debate takes place between presidential candidates Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy.
- 1969 – Abbey Road, the last recorded album by The Beatles, is released.
- 1973 – Concorde makes its first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic in record-breaking time.
- 1980 – At the Oktoberfest terror attack in Munich 13 people die and 211 are injured.
- 1981 – Nolan Ryan sets a Major League record by throwing his fifth no-hitter.
- 1983 – Soviet Air Force officer Stanislav Petrov identifies a report of an incoming nuclear missile as a computer error and not an American first strike.
- 1983 – Australia II wins the America’s Cup, ending the New York Yacht Club’s 132-year domination of the race.
- 1984 – The United Kingdom and China agree to a transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, to take place in 1997.
- 1997 – A Garuda Indonesia Airbus A300 crashes near Medan airport, killing 234.
- 1997 – An earthquake strikes the Italian regions of Umbria and the Marche, causing part of the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi to collapse.
- 2000 – Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 20,000 protesters) turn violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.
- 2000 – The MS Express Samina sinks off Paros in the Aegean Sea killing 80 passengers.
- 2002 – The overcrowded Senegalese ferry, MV Le Joola, capsizes off the coast of the Gambia killing more than 1,000.
- 2005 – The PBS Kids Channel is shut down and replaced by a joint network with Comcast called Sprout.
- 2008 – Swiss pilot and inventor Yves Rossy becomes first person to fly a jet engine-powered wing across the English Channel.
- 2009 – Typhoon Ketsana hits the Philippines, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, causing 700 fatalities.
- 2014 – A mass kidnapping occurs in Iguala, Mexico.
-Source: wikipedia
