‘THE SNP IS IN CRISIS’: SCOTLAND’S HUMZA YOUSAF’S FIRST 100 DAYS

Sturgeon, Scotland’s first female first minister – and first female leader of the SNP, swept to power in late 2014, but ended her tenure earlier this year amid great personal and political turmoil, leaving in tumult a party she had turned into a formidable electoral winning machine.

“The SNP is in crisis, even if some [in the party] are in denial about this …,” James Mitchell, a professor at the University of Edinburgh’s School of Social and Political Science, told Al Jazeera.

“Humza Yousaf has inherited a very different party compared with the party Nicola Sturgeon inherited from [her predecessor] Alex Salmond.”

Scotland’s First Minister Humza Yousaf attends First Minister’s Questions at the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Britain [File: Russell Cheyne/Reuters]
The pro-Scottish independence SNP has been the dominant political force in Scotland since 2007 when the left-wing party secured victory at the devolved Scottish Parliament election under the leadership of Salmond.

In September 2014, an historic constitutional referendum was held, which saw Scottish voters reject independence from the United Kingdom state by 55 to 45 per cent.

Strong and vocal nationalist feeling in Scotland has endured, however, and today the SNP-led administration in Edinburgh and the unionist Conservative Party government in London Westminster remain at loggerheads.

As first minister, Sturgeon – despite her repeated electoral wins at both the Scottish Parliament and Westminster – had cut a beleaguered figure of late, weighed down by her spectacular fallout with her predecessor and mentor Salmond after he was accused (and later acquitted) of sexual assault, the COVID pandemic, Scotland’s polarising gender reform debate and questions surrounding the veracity of the SNP’s internal finances, which are now the subject of a police investigation.

Just last month, Sturgeon, who, during her premiership, also found her attempts to hold a second referendum on Scottish independence repeatedly thwarted by the UK government, was herself arrested – but later released without charge – in connection with allegations of financial misconduct by the SNP during her time in office.

Against the backdrop of such flux, and presiding over falling SNP poll ratings, Yousaf has been attempting to shore up his battered party by raising the stakes on its raison d’être – Scottish independence.

Former First Minister Nicola Sturgeon, alongside Humza Yousaf [File: Russell Cheyne/Reuters]
Speaking at an SNP conference late last month, the 38-year-old first minister, whose loyalty to Sturgeon was tested when he resisted calls from opposition parties to suspend Sturgeon from the SNP following her arrest, set out his strategy to contest the next UK-wide general election by stating that the “SNP will absolutely fight the next election with independence front and centre of our campaign”.

“I think the significance of Humza’s speech was changing the nature of the mandate the SNP might get at the next general election rather than the result,” said Lesley Riddoch, a high-profile campaigner on Scottish independence.

“In the past, independence has not been front and centre of the SNP’s manifesto, leaving them open to the accusation that winning a majority of seats – as they regularly do – doesn’t mean that voters support independence – they might just like Nicola Sturgeon, they might not like Westminster and so on.”

She told Al Jazeera: “If Humza follows through, the SNP will be putting its money where its mouth is in an election for the first time in ages.”

“I think the SNP has massively changed Scotland in general in an extremely bad way,” David Middleton, a retired oil worker from Edinburgh, told Al Jazeera.

“They are nothing but a strongly nationalist cult … The one simple qualification each [SNP politician] has is an overwhelming desire for independence combined with a mentality that blames every single failure – and there are many – within Scotland on Westminster.”

Of Yousaf’s intention to fight the next election on the cause of independence, Middleton added: “A general election is fought on a massive number of issues which individual constituencies feel strongly about. One cannot have an election based on nothing but a vote for a referendum.”

Yet, for all of the SNP’s woes, support for independence itself remains relatively high – shifting, in recent months, between the 45 and 53 per cent mark.

And Yousaf will hope that, by appearing strong on the independence argument, committed supporters of Scottish statehood will be sufficiently energised to turn out and vote for the SNP in large numbers when a UK general election is called.

If Yousaf’s first 100 days in power have been bumpy, then the lead-up to the next Westminster election will test his premiership to the limit.

Alasdair Soussi: Alasdair Soussi is a freelance journalist, who has worked across Africa, Europe and the Middle East.